THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


LIGHT    LINE 


PHONOGRAPHY 


The  easiest,  quickest  and  most  Legible 
system,  of  Shorthand. 


COPYRIGHT  1893,  BY  HENEY  TEALE. 


Published  at  the  PHONETIC  INSTITUTE, 

121     COURT    STREET, 
BROOKLYN,  N.  Y, 


lEALE'S  LIGHT 

The  most  legible  and  the  quickest, 
can  be  learned  in  half  the  time  re- 
quired by  ordinary  shorthand.  Each 
sound  is  represented  by  a  separate 
character  without  the  use  of  shading; 
this  gives  a  wonderful  increase  in 
both  legibility  and  speed. 

LIGHT  LINE  PHONOGRAPHY  is  one  of  the 

greatest  inventions  of  the  age,  it  is  almost  as  legi- 
ble as  longhand  writing,  and  yet  is  one  of  the 
quickest  systems  of  Shorthand  in  the  world. 

It  can  be  learned  in  half  the  time  required  by 
ordinary  shorthand. 


SHORTHAND  AND  TYPEWRITING  SCHOOLS 
121  COURT  STREET,  near  Atlantic  Ave., 

It  ItOO  K  1  1  V    !%.   V. 

"Von  cannot  afford,  to  learn  ordi- 
nary   Shorthand    at    any   price. 

Light  Line  (Phonography  is  20  per  cent, 
quicker,  200  per  cent,  more  legible,  and  can  be 
thoroughly  learned  in  half  the  time  required 
by  ordinary  shorthand. 


Jl 


PREFACE 


"  Great  praise  is  due  to  the  gentlemen  who  report  for  the  periodical 
press  for  the  very  accurate  reports  they  furnish  by  means  of  their 
lengthy  and  defective  systems  of  stenography."    I  believe  this  state- 
ment was  first  penned  in  the  year  1S45,  and  has  been  printed  in 
Isaac  Pitman's  books  ever  since.     It  was  aimed  at  the  old-fashioned 
sys(ems  of  shorthand.     I  now  cast  it  back  at  its  author,  simply  sub- 
stituting the  word  "Phonography"  for  the  word  "Stenography." 
There  is  no  doubt  that  some  writers  of  old-fashioned  phonography, 
to      after  five  or  ten  years'  experience,  succeed  in  doing  excellent  work 
!£      with  their  lengthy  and  defective  systems  of  shorthand,  and  when  we 
^     consider  that  each  outline  in  the  Pitmanic  systems*  represents  from 
g     six  to  fourteen  different  words,  and  that  the  unfortunate  steno- 
""*     gxaplicr  must  guess  which  is  the  right  one,  the  only  wonder  is  that 
they  can  ever  do  good  work. 

.  In  Teale's  Light  Line  Phonography  each  outline  represents  one  or 

0 

z     two  words,  scarcely  ever  more  than  two.     Of  these  two  words  one 
is  generally  a  word  of  rare  occurrence.     For  example:  T  written  on 
the  line  represents  the  words  It  or  Tea  and  nothing  else. 
In  the  Pitmanic  systems,  T  on  the  line  represents  five  words;  T 

5  when  shaded  becomes  D,  and  represents  eight  words  more.  As 
shading  is  almost  impossible  in  rapid  writing,  T  on  the  line  in  a  Pit- 
man reporter's  notes  represents  thirteen  different  words,  and  the  un- 
fortunate reporter  must  guess  which  is  the  right  one.  In  Teale's 
system,  P  on  the  line  represents  Hope  or  Pay  and  nothing  else,  while 


*  In  speaking  of  the  Pitmanic  systems  of  phonography,  we  include 
all  systems  which  are  based  on  the  Pitman  alphabet,  such  as 
Munson,  Graham,  Longley,  Marsh,  etc. 


in  the  Pitnuuiic  sjsteniH  P  on  the  lino  represents  six  words;  P  when 
shaded  becomes  B,  and  represents  eight  words  more,  or  fourteen 
in  all. 

Of  course  the  student  is  told  that  he  will  know  which  is  the  cor- 
rect word  by  the  context,  but,  as  almost  every  character  in  his  notes 
is  equally  ambiguous,  the  context  is  a  very  unreliable  guide,  and 
the  reporter  is  obliged  to  guess,  and  guess,  and  guess;  and  very 
cften  he  guesses  wrong.  In  Light  Line  Phonography  guessing  is 
out  of  the  question — the  student  reads  and  does  not  guess. 

Now  about  speed.  A  few  minutes'  examination  of  the  engraved 
notes  in  this  pamphlet  will  prove  to  the  stenographer  that  Light 
Line  Phonography  is  fundamentally  the  most  rapid  system  of  short- 
hand in  the  world. 

In  ordinary  phonography  there  are  thousands  of  contractions  to 
be  learned  by  heart;  and  if  the  student  is  not  blessed  with  a  remark- 
able memory  he  will  surely  fail  in  becoming  an  expert  stenographer 
with  those  systems. 

Light  Line  Phonography  is  fundamentally  so  rapid  that  very  few 
contractions  are  necessary,  and  consequently  there  is  very  little  to 
remember. 

The  remarkable  legibility  of  Teale's  Light  Line  Phonography 
makes  it  certain  that  in  the  near  future  this  system  of  shorthand 
will  be  universally  used.  Asa  consequence  of  this  remarkable 
legibility  the  old  time  practice  of  employers  reading  over  and  cor- 
recting letters  written  by  stenographers  will  be  entirely  abandoned. 
An  employer  can  put  as  much  confidence  in  the  accuracy  of  letters 
written  in  this  system  of  shorthand  as  if  they  were  dictated  to  a 
longhand  writer,  and  consequently  stenographers  who  use  this  system 
can  command  better  salaries  than  any  others. 


LIGHT  LINE  PHONOGRAPHY. 


The  word  phonography  is  taken  from  two  Greek  words, 
phone,  a  voice  or  sound,  and  graphe,  a  writing.  The  word 
phonography  therefore  means  a  writing  of  the  voice,  or 
writing  words  as  they  are  pronounced. 

In  ordinary  spelling  A  has  three  distinct  sounds,  as  heard 
in  the  words  mat,  fate,  fall.  The  sound  in  the  word  fate  is 
really  A,  the  other  two  are  Ah  and  Aw. 

In  phonography  every  sound  is  represented  by  a  dif- 
ferent sign  or  character. 

—     has  always  the  sound  of  A  in  age,     '     has  always  the 
sound  of  E  in  we,  and  so  with  the  rest  of  the  letters. 

CONSONANTS.  ^ 

B)  D/  F^_  X   — 

TM^  N^.  P\  T|    J 

L-  Before  proceeding  further  the  student  must  memorize  the 
above  consonants. 

VOWELS. 
—  A  as  in  age  v    I  as  in  time 

/    E  as  in  we  ^  Ow  as  in  cow 

A  vowel  written  above  a  horizontal  consonant,  reads  be- 
fore it,  written  below,  it  reads  after.  See  aim,  may,  ach«, 
nay,  the  first  four  words  in  Exercise  I. 


EXERCISE  I. 

7    /~     ~\ 


EXERCISE  II. 

Aim,  may,  ache,  nay,  aid,  day,  ape,  pay,  paid,  fade. 
make,  tame,  be,  fee,  me,  knee,  key,  team,  beam,  feed,  beef, 
keep,  meek,  tie,  by,  nigh,  die,  my,  bough,  now,  cow. 

Every  exercise  in  this  book  must  be  carefully    written   in 
longhand  and  shorthand  several  times. 


^  ADDITIONAL    CONSONANTS. 

=*r  ift 


L/~~  R^^  W  ^  Y  «^ 

4^  ^w, 

H    <r--  Th    (  V  (  Oh  J 

sh  _/  j  /  o  &  0 

Ng    <y  Z  -^v  R  or  V"^ 

The  letters  L,  R,  W.  Y,  H  and  Z  when  they  stand  alone 
are  always  written  upward ;  the  rest  of  the  letters  are 
written  downward 

The  letters  J,  G  and  Z  are  double  length,  V  and  Sh  are 
half  length. 

G  has  always  the  hard  sound  of  G  in  gave,  never  the  soft 
sound  of  G  \n  gem. 


ADDITIONAL    VOWELS. 


I  O  as  in  hope.  ,|  Q0  as  in  food. 

"I  U  as  in  up.  J  pw  as  jn  new. 

J\  O  as  in  not.  J  Aw  as  in  awj. 

•$:            I  A  as  in  bag.  •(  E  as  in  beg.    ^ 

-fc=       .(  I  as  in  big.  .       >|  Qi  as  in  oil. 

These  vowels  are  written  beside  the  letter  T  to  show  the 
difference  in  position.  See  wrote,  root,  pole,  pool,  the  first 
four  words  in  Exercise  III. 

EXERCISE  III. 

/!     xi      v~       ^r      ^     A'    -^   )^    u 


?'      ,? 


EXERCISE  IV. 

Wrote,  root,  pole,  pool,  dome,  doom,  comb,  boom,  tomb, 
go,  toll,  tool,  boat,  boot,  coat,  coal,  cool,  show,  shoe,  cot, 
caught,  rot,  wrought,  not,  naught,  lot,  law,  Tom,  tall,  ball, 
fought,  up,  pew,  nut,  new,  cut,  mule,  buff,  few,  come,  cue, 
dew,  foot,  mute,  duck,  duke. 


A    n 

xi 

z* 


EXERCISE  V. 

„    -n   v-  ^ 

i 

^    )' 


^-    M 

r.  /,. 

^ 


EXERCISE  VI. 
Rat,  cat,  mat,  fat,  met,  hell,  pet,  peck,  deck,  net,  knit, 

»  pig>  beg>  big>  bag»  bake>  dim»  Diok>  dig>  toy»  b°y»  toil> 

boil,  joy,  coil. 

A  consonant  may  be  written  half  length  to  add  T  or  D 
See  pat,  pet,  pit,  put,  the  first  four  words  in  exercises  VII 
and  VIII. 

EXERCISE  VII. 


\       ^<       \        vT 


/c       /: 


EXERCISE  VIII. 

Pat,  pet,  pit,  put,  taught,  light,  let,  knit,  fit,  fate,  note,  nut, 
wet,  wait,  white,  need,  made,  mate,  meat,  feet,  mat,  met, 
night,  late,  date,  debt,  died,  deed,  lot,  not,  bad,  bid,  did,  wit. 

R  may  be  added  by  a  small  hook  on  the  left,  or  lower  side 
of  a  straight  consonant. 

A  small  hook  on  the  opposite  side  to  the  R  hook  adds  L. 
See  the  first  four  words  in  Exercise  IX,  pray,  cry,  play,  clay. 

R  and  L  hooks  read  immediately  after  the  consonants  to 
which  they  are  written,  without  the  intervention  of  a  vowel. 


7 

EXERCISE  IX. 
^-      /         A    ,  -       .  -  - 

_  _/.  <^  _  -I- 

V  >f  ^  1"         «r 

EXERCISE  X. 


Prav,  cry,  play,  clay,  draw,  dry,  glow,  glue,  try,  tree, 
true,  grow,  grew,  plum,  plume,  tram,  trim,  dream,  pry,  ply, 
drew,  crew,  tray,  played,  prayed. 

On  curved  consonants  a  small  hook  is  used  for  R  and  a 
large  one  for  L.  See  brew,  blue,  brow,  blow,  the  first 
four  words  in  Exercise  XI. 

Fl  and  Fr  are  exceptions  to  this  rule,  Fl  being  inverted  to 
form  Fr.  See  fry,  fly,  free,  flee,  the  second  four  words  in 
Exercise  XI. 

Hooks  and  circles  are  always  turned  inside  of  curved 
consonants. 


EXERCISE  XI. 

a    °.    ^    9-    -^    <i  -,' 
-o   01   v.    Q_  9;    6-   a 
y    ,-     »•    i_   r.    r    5: 

t.      «:      t.,     -,,     c 


8 


EXERCISE  XII. 

Brew,  blue,  brow,  blow,  fry,  fly,  free,  flee,  flow,  flew, 
shrew,  able,  black,  bleak,  blank,  blame,  bless,  bliss,  blos- 
som, bluff,  break,  brass,  braid,  bread,  brag,  break,  bracket, 
bracelet,  brewery,  brew,  flag,  freak,  flap,  flat,  float,  flute, 
fruit,  fraught,  flight,  fling,  frail,  frill,  through,  three,  throw. 

R  may  be  added  by  writing  the  preceding  consonant 
double  length. 

When  R  is  added  by  lengthening,  a  vowel  always 
reads  before  the  added  letter.  See  fire,  fry.  tour,  true,  the 
first  four  words  in  Exercise  XIII. 

A  downward  R  or  L  shows  a  vowel  before  it ;  upward  a 
vowel  after  it.  See  fur,  fury,  fell,  folly,  the  second  four 
words  in  Exercise  XIII. 


EXERCISE  XIV. 

Fire,  fry,  tour,  true,  tear,  t.ray,  bar,  brew,  tree,  bare, 
brow,  fair,  pare,  pray,  rare,  rear,  near,  wire,  mire,  bore,  more, 
blew,  flee,  fly,  bread,  flute,  three,  flight,  fling,  brewery,  brass, 
bracket,  black,  bleak,  frail,  pearl,  barrel,  barley,  truly. 

A  small  nook  at  the  end  of  a  consonant  adds  N.  On 
straight  consonants  the  N  hook  must  be  written  on  the  left 
or  lower  side.  See  dine,  done,  cane,  gone,  the  first  four 
words  in  Exercise  XV. 


9 

EXERCISE  XV. 


EXERC1SE  XVI. 

Dine,  done,  cane,  gone,  ten,  fine,  gain,  lane,  lean,  line, 
pine,  dawn,  den,  pen,  pain,  bun,  bean,  fan,  bone,  boon,  nine( 
none,  nun,  pin,  pan,  gun,  rain,  run,  train,  plain,  drain, 
drawn,  clean,  brown,  green,  glean,  clown,  throne,  grain,  crane. 

A  small  hook  at  the  end  of  a  straight  consonant,  on  the  O 
opposite  side  to  the  N  hook,  adds  F  or  V.  See  cave,  cane,  V* 
pave,  pain,  the  first  four  words  in  Exercise  XVII. 

The  F  or  V  hook  cannot  be  written  to  curved  consonants, 
as  hooks  and  circles  must  always  be  written  on  the  inside 
of  curved  letters.  See  muff,  man,  beef,  five,  the  second 
four  words  in  Exercise  XVII. 

EXERCISE  XVII. 
NT       ^ 

^  \     ^ 


/"     /-      / 


EXERCISE  XVIII. 


Cave,  cane,  pave,  pain,  muff,  man,    beef,    bean,    five,    life, 
cough,  grave,  grain,  proof,    train,    drive,    drain,    rave,    rain, 


10 

Dave,  Dane,  dove,  done,  deaf,  den,  cuff,  cone,  grief,  green, 
gone,  gave,  moan,  move,  ruff,  run,  knife,  nine,  line,  wine, 
wife,  rife,  dive,  drove,  drone,  brown,  grieve. 

When  the  N  or  F  hook  is  written  at  the  end  of  a  conson- 
ant, it  is  final,  that  is  a  vowel  cannot  be  read  after  it.  In 
such  words  as  Fanny,  bonny,  coffee,  gravy,  the  stem  N,  F 
or  V  is  used.  See  the  first  four  words  in  Exercise  XIX. 

EXERCISE  XIX. 


/~       3~      /•      /""/*/£* 

)"       ^  X       /%       7-       9      V      V     Vx- 

. — ;»          J  <f  6          (/  J*      VJ      J          \f 

EXERCISE  XX. 

Fanny,  fan,  bone,  boney,  bonny,  grave,  gravy,  cough, 
coffee,  puff,  puffy,  pen,  penny,  cone,  pain,  pave,  den,  deaf, 
Duffy,  muff,  moan,  move,  moon,  bun,  bean,  Ben,  Benny,  pan, 
pen,  pin,  plain,  train,  drive,  drain,  brown,  brain,  pail,  play, 
power,  fire,  fry,  fly,  true,  tour,  tire,  try,  fruit,  freight,  flight, 
crown,  grow,  crew. 

When  the  N  or  F  hook  is  written  to  a  half  length  con- 
sonant, the  added  T  or  D  reads  after  the  N  or  F.  See 
pint,  paved,  bend,  puffed,  the  first  four  words  in  Exercise 

XXI. 

EXERCISE  XXI. 

^       >-         v       y«       i.       j        ^        ^      ^^       ^^      ^          ^ 


y 


11 


EXERCISE    XXII. 

Pint,  paved,  bend,  puffed,  tent,  tint,  found,  raft,  cleft, 
faint,  leaned,  mint,  mind,  moaned,  meant,  pound,  point, 
dent,  kind,  dawned,  fund,  dined,  lined,  round,  rent,  rift, 
rained,  roughed,  taunt,  tuned,  dived,  pinned,  paint,  penned, 
band,  bond,  bind,  bound. 

S  is  written  on  the  right  or  upper  side  of  a  straight  con- 
sonant. When  S  is  written  on  the  opposite  side  it  adds  R 
at  the  beginning,  and  N  at  the  end.  See  stay,  stray,  pays, 
pains,  the  first  four  words  in  Exercise  XXIII. 


EXERCISE  XXIII. 

t-  r  x,  s    r  f  r  s 

\     V"  f-   X    V  S   *  / 


\ 


/  </ 


2     t 


EXERCISE  XXIV. 

Stay,  stray,  pays,  pains,  sad,  said,  sod,  sawed,  side,  spy, 
spry,  soap,  soup,  spray,  strive,  stain,  price,  prince,  pines, 
pies,  dens,  days,  dines,  dies,  toes,  tones,  ties,  tens,  dice, 
dance,  dence,  dunce,  draft,  drift,  drained,  case,  canes,  goes, 
gains,  fan,  Fanny,  man,  money,  many,  men,  main,  sat, 
strayed,  stride,  straight,  peace,  pence,  crowns,  gowns, 
moves. 

S  may  be  written   double  length    to   add   T.     See   seam,   /? 
steam,  miss,  mist,  the  first  four  words  in  Exercise  XXV, 

S  may  be  written  double  size  to  add  S  or  Z.  See  size, 
season,  faces,  possess,  the  second  four  words  in  Exercise 
XXV. 


12 

EXERCISE  XXV. 


EXERCISE    XXVI. 

Seam,  steam,  miss,  mist,  size,  season,  faces,  possess,  stick, 
step,  stab,  stake,  steady,  study,  stem,  steam,  steamer,  most, 
must,  last,  least,  fast,  feast,  cost,  cast,  cased,  based,  boast, 
waste,  west,  haste,  host,  guest,  gust,  nest,  mast,  basis, 
mosses,  Moses,  success,  dies,  dines,  dose,  doses,  loss,  losses, 
case,  cases,  mass,  masses,  dance,  dances,  prince,  princes, 
tense,  tenses,  cave,  cane,  canes. 

S  may  be  added  to  the  St  loop  or  to  Ss.  See  last,  lasts, 
success,  successes,  the  first  four  words  in  Exercise  XXVII. 

A  small  hook  at  the  beginning  of  L,  M  or  N  represents 
W.  See  while,  whim,  went,  wail,  the  second  four  words  in 
Exercise  XXVII. 

A  tick  at  the  beginning  of  M,  L,  R  or  B,  may  be  used  for 
H.  See  hill,  hammer,  habit,  hair,  the  third  four  words  in 
Exercise  27. 

-EXERCISE    XXVII. 


<?  ,O 


•$.          i 


13 


EXERCISE  XXVIII. 

Last,  lasts,  success,  successes,  while,  whim,  went,  wail, 
hill,  hammer,  habit,  hair,  mast,  masts,  mist,  mists,  fast,  fasts, 
feast,  feasts,  guest,  guests,  rest,  rests,  waste,  wastes,  wheel, 
well,  wool,  winter,  winner,  Wednesday,  whimper,  wanton, 
hall,  hail,  heel,  hobby,  window. 

VERBATIM    REPORTING. 

In  reporting  the  vowels  are  generally  omitted,  and  the 
consonant  outlines  written  in  three  positions. 

First  position,  above  the  line,  shows  that  Ah,  Aw  or  the 
long  sound  of  I  follows  the  first  consonant.  See  by,  law, 
die,  fight,  the  first  four  words  in  Exercise  XXIX. 

Double  length  consonants  are  in  the  first  position  on  the 
line.  See  fire,  bar,  par,  tar,  the  second  four  words  in 
Exercise  29. 

EXERCISE    XXIX. 


/  "  v   ;    v 


V 


EXERCISE  XXX. 

By,  law,  die,  fight,  my,  nigh,  pie,  night,  white,  shy,  fright, 
strive,  pawn,  tried,  lime,  sawed,  sought,  drawn,  dial,  trial, 
fry,  fly,  mile,  last,  lasts,  casts,  fasts,  cry,  dry,  draw,  drive, 
try,  Fanny,  fire,  par,  bar,  far,  tire,  light,  might,  bad,  mine, 
fine,  fan,  ran,  right,  ride,  Saul,  Paul,  wide. 

Second  position,  on  the  line,  shows  that  E,  A  long  or  I, 
E  short,  follows  the  first  consonant.  See  be,  pit,  day,  met. 


14 

A  large  hook  at  the  beginning  of  a  word  shows  that  the 
position  vowel  reads  before  the  first  consonant,  instead  of 
after  it.  '  See  ought,  eat,  aim,  ache,  second  four  words  in 
Exercise  31. 

A  large  hook  at  the  end  of  a  consonant,  shows  the 
syllable  shon.  See  nation,  mission,  emotion,  fashion,  third 
four  words  in  Exercise  3  r . 


Double  length  consonants  are  in   the   second   position,    a 
little  through  the  line.     See  bare,  pear,  near,  fair. 


EXERCISE  XXXI. 


)  , 

s../~   r\ 

1          <L 

r^       cr-      ^-T>      ^    c^>      V 

) 

\  .  ^ 

V 

^ 

ll       7       ^        S7-     ^      S9 


EXERCISE  XXXii. 

Be,  pit,  day,  met,  ought,  eat,  aim,  ache,  nation,  mission, 
emotion,  fashion,  bare,  pear,  peer,  fair,  fee,  hay,  gay,  key, 
mill,  nay,  tea,  caution,  tension,  aid,  fade,  laid,  made,  lane, 
lean,  meant,  mint,  mind,  kind,  find,  sent,  send,  faint,  bent, 
lend,  prayed,  played,  stake,  stick,  step,  steam,  steamer,  mist, 
meets,  feast,  fits,  masts,  mats. 

Third  position,  through  or  under  the  line,  shows  that  O, 
U,  Ow,  Oi  or  Oo  follows  the  first  consonant.  See  more, 
bun,  town,  few. 


15 

EXERCISE  XXXIII. 

)     J  v  /   )  _  / 


,     v          \ 


\  \ 

_« «»  i        > 


-3 — f- — ^_   i.       y 


r 

EXERCISE  XXXIV. 

More,  bun,  town,  few,  due,  boy,  go,  joy,  cow,  low,  rue, 
row,  too,  view,  woe,  thou,  show,  poor,  power,  mood,  food, 
feud,  sown,  sued,  soot,  strewed,  note,  flood,  choose,  poss- 
ess, mosses,  gust,  guest,  study,  muff,  puff,  dove,  cuff,  fun, 
noon,  moon,  none,  gone,  gun,  plum,  true,  drew,  crew,  grew, 
grow,  boil,  foil,  soil,  plow,  gloom,  drum,  crown,  glue. 

The  prefixes  con  or  com,  may  be, represented  by  a  dot   at  \\*  „ 
the  beginning  of  a  consonant,  or  by  the   letter   K.     Con   or  i 
com  does   not   take  position ;   the   first   vowel     in  the   rest 
of  the    word   is   the   position  vowel.     Constant,   complete, 
confined,  confound. 

In  the  middle  of  a  word  the  syllables  con  or  com,  may  be 
indicated  by  disjoining.  Recommend,  irreconciliation,  in- 
complete, inconstant. 

The  sylable  ing,  may  be  represented  by  Ng,  or  by  a  dot 
at  the  end  of  a  word.  When  Ng  will  form  a  good  joining, 
it  must  be  used  in  preference  to  the  dot.  Going,  waiting, 
causing,  meaning. 

SI  may  be  used  for  the  syllable  self.  Myself,  himself, 
selfish,  yourself. 

F  may  be  used  for  the  syllable  ful.     Careful,  beautiful. 


16 


B  may  be  written  for  the  syllable  able  or  ible.  Sensible, 
excusable. 

As  Ng  scarcely  ever  occurs  at  the  beginning  of  a  word  in 
English,  the  sign  for  it  may  be  used  for  the  syllable  in,  when 
written  in  the  first  position,  en,  in  the  second  position,  and 
un,  in  the  third  position.  This  character  may  be  written 
either  way  up.  Induce,  enemy,  undue,  increase. 

G  cannot  be  written  half  length  as  it  would  become  K, 
but  G  may  be  written  quarter  length  to  add  T  or  D.  K  when 
standing  alone  is  not  written  half  length.  Get,  good,  caught, 
kid. 

A  large  hook  at  the  beginning  of  K  on  the  upper  side, 
adds  W  and  reads  as  Kw.  A  large  hook  on  the  lower  side 
of  K  shows  an  initial  vowel.  Quote,  request,  ache,  oak. 

An  additional  form  for  W  is  sometimes  tiseful.  The  char- 
acter found  in  the  words  walk,  wake,  wood,  and  bewail,  at 
the  end  of  the  next  exercise,  is  called  brief  W.  This  letter 
is  written  at  the  beginning  of  a  consonant  to  add  a  first  po- 
sition vowel,  in  the  middle  of  a  consonant  to  add  a  second 
position  vowel,  and  at  the  end  lo  add  a  third  position  vowel. 

EXERCISE    XXXV. 


EXERCISE  XXXVI. 

Constant,  complete,  confind,  confound,  recommend,  irre- 
conciliation,  incomplete,  inconstant,  going,  waiting,  causing, 
meaning,  myself,  himself,  selfish,  yourself,  careful,  beautiful. 


17 

sensible,  excusable,  induce,  enemy,  undue,  increase,  get, 
good,  caught,  kid,  quote,  request,  ache,  oak,  walk,  wake, 
wood,  bewail. 


A  small  hook  before  S  shows  an  initial    vowel,    after   S    a 
final  vowel.  [^  small  hook  after  S   may    also   be   used   for  f 
the  syllable  shon}    Ask,  fancy,  easy,  position,  compensation. 

EXERCISE  XXXVII. 


<9        10 


EXERCISE  XXXVIII. 


Ask,  fancy,  easy,  possession,  compensation,  sigh,  saw,  see, 
ease,  sue,  escape,  asleep,  esteem,  easel,  astonish,  assign,  aside, 
ascertain,  certain,  assist. 

EXERCISE  XXXIX. 

Pat,  pet,  pit,  put,  [7]  pray,  play,  cry,  clay,  [9]  brew,  blue, 
brow,  blow,  [M]  fire,  fry,  tour,  true,  [13]  dine,  done, 
gone,  [15]  cave,  cane,  pave,  pain,  [17]  Fanny,  bonny,  coffee, 
gravy,  [19]  pint,  paved,  bend,  puffed,  [21]. 


Exercises  39,  40  and  41,  are  test  exercises.  The  student 
must  write  them  without  referring  to  any  other  part  of  the 
book.  The  numbers  refer  to  the  original  shorthand  exer- 
cises, in  which  the  words  are  found.  After  the  student  has 
completed  exercise  XXXIX,  he  may  refer  to  the  numbered 
exercises,  to  ascertain  if  he  has  written  it  correctly.  Where 
he  finds  errors  in  his  work  he  should  write  the  whole 
exercise  referred  to. 


18 


EXERCISE  XL. 

Stay,  stray,  pays,  pains,  (23)  seam,  steam,  miss,  mist  (25) 
last,  lasts,  success,  successes,  (27)  fire,  fry,  far,  free,  par,  pray, 
tar,  try,  fly,  (29)  lend,  prayed,  played,  stake,  steam,  steamer, 
mist,  (31)  more,  fun,  town,  crown,  glue,  boil,  gloom  (33). 

EXERCISE  XLI. 

Constant,  complete,  confined,  confound,  irresolution, 
incomplete,  increase,  get,  good,  caught,  kid,  quote,  meaning, 
causing,  selfish,  induce,  enemy,  (35)  assume,  assemble,  assist, 
assault,  estimate,  astray,  aspire,  compensation,  position,  (37) 

R  through  the  line  may  be  written  double  length  to  add  M. 
EXERCISE  XLII. 


EXERCISE    XLIII. 

Room,  rum,  roar,  rear,  rhyme,  remit,  remain,  remainder, 
remittance,  remedy,  remind,  reminiscence,  remission,  remote, 
remove,  removal,  remunerate,  Romans,  remuneration,  remun- 
erative, roamed,  remnant,  remise. 

A  consonant  may  be  written  half  length  to  add  T.  The  let- 
ters B,  D,  G,  M,  N,  T,  may  be  written  half  length  to  add 
either  T  or  D.  Mnemonic  aid,  Bad  Garment. 


19 


EXERCISE  XLIV. 
v     V 


/ 

'  * 


'      ' 


EXERCISE    XLV. 

Hate,  fate,  fade,  wait,  wade,  pet,  paid,  get,  good,  kid,  cat, 
begged,  laid,  faded,  waited,  bad,  bought,  deed,  feed,  feud. 
food,  date,  debt,  died,  weed,  made,  mate,  mood,  note,  need, 
neat,  knit,  taught,  tide,  dated,  light,  load,  laid,  late,  coat,  wet, 
feet,  feed,  beat,  abode,  dried,  cried,  flight,  flood,  bright,  blight, 

EXERCISE  XLVI. 

Mend,  mind,  kind,  went,  lent,  leaned,  violent,  vaiient, 
talent,  command,  commend,  commanded,  found,  founded, 
puffy,  cough,  coffee,  men,  money,  paved,  bend,  dance,  deaf, 
dunce,  crowns,  draft,  drained,  strewed,  stride,  prince,  size 
successes,  losses,  cases,  caves,  canes,  case,  days,  dines. 

EXERCISE    XLVII. 

Wanton,  hall,  hail,  heel,  hobby,  window,  winner,  winter  , 
Wednesday,  hammer,  habit,  wool,  well,  wheel,  whimper,  beau- 
tiful, sensible,  incomplete,  selfish,  himself,  myself,  increase, 
undue,  ache,  oak,  walk,  wake,  week,  work,  dwarf,  turf,  dwell. 
S  may  be  added  to  the  F  hook  on  straight  consonants, 
and  the  N  hook  on  curved  ones.        Caves,  fence,  binds,  roofs.     • 
the  first  four  words  in  exercise  48. 


20 

S  on  the  N  side  adds  N  ;  the  St  loop  follows  the  same  rule. 
See  case,  canes,  guest,  against,  the  second  four  words  in 
Exercise  48. 

Between  two  consonants  S  must  be  written  on  the  most 
convenient  side.  See  desk,  task,  execution,  discussion  ;  the 
third  four  words  in  Exercise  48.  S  may  sometimes  be 
written  on  the  opposite  side  to  add  R.  See  discourse,  dis- 
crete, excursion,  discretion. 

As  lengthening  adds  R,  the  character  shown  in  the 
alphabet,  (page  4)  representing  R  or  V,  is  scarcely  ever  used 
for  R  at  the  end  of  a  word.  At  the  beginning  of  a  word 
this  character  always  represents  R  unless  it  is  followed  by 
K  or  G.  See  beer,  brewer,  behave,  behavior,  superior, 
vacant,  vague  ;  the  last  seven  words  in  Exercise  48. 

EXERCISE  XLVIII. 


•£- 


,        4,     «/    / 
*-* 


+ 


f       y  / 


4= 


)       * 


JL 1 


EXERCISE  XLIX. 


Caves,  fence,  binds,  roofs,  case,  canes,  guest,  against,  desk, 
task,  execution,  discussion,  discourse,  discrete,  excursion, 
discretion,  finds,  tents,  kinds,  lends,  funds,  faints,  puffs, 


21 


EXERCISE  L. 

At  the  beginning  of  a  word  W  is  not  written  half 
length  to  add  D.  Wad,  wade,  wed,  weed,  wood,  wedding, 
weeding,  wide,  waddle,  wet,  wait,  white,  wit,  wheat,  witness, 
wetness,  whiteness. 

Before  L,  M  or  N,  a  small  hook  is  used  for  W.  Wheel, 
wail,  well,  wall,  wool,  willow,  wealth,  while,  William,  weal, 
whale,  woman,  women,  whim,  wanton,  winner,  winter,  went, 
want,  wanted,  wonder. 

Before  K,  G  or  Sh,  brief  W  is  used.  Wake,  walk,  week, 
wick,  wag,  waggon,  waggoner,  weaken,  waken,  wakeful,  wash. 

Wire,  ware,  war,  weary,  warrior,  wearer,  west,  waist, 
widest,  windward,  wheeled,  wailed,  wailing. 

Hall,  hill,  heel,  hole,  hull,  whole,  hollow,  hail,  holder, 
ham,  hamper,  hammer,  hamlet,  hammock,  hem,  hemisphere, 
hemlock,  hymn,  hum,  human,  humanity,  humble,  humilia- 
tion, habit,  habitual,  habitation. 


EXERCISE  LI. 

Babe,  baby,  back,  bake,  bag,  beg,  beak,  ball,  bale,  bell, 
mill,  mail,  meal,  fidelity,  bill,  bull,  beach,  bench,  banish, 
battle,  beetle,  bottle,  dull,  dale,  delay,  daily,  deal,  cap,  cattle, 
cape,  cup,  keep,  copy,  coffee,  cab,  egg,  gay,  go,  gape,  gate, 
guide,  giddy,  gauge,  gaily,  guilty,  fade,  fed,  feed,  food, 
pack,  peck,  pick,  peak,  dog,  duck,  lime. 

EXERCISE  LIL 

Ballot,  bald,  bailed,  built,  bold,  bullet,  begin,  bacon, 
beacon,  balance,  bailiff,  banjo,  blue,  true,  try,  tire,  fry,  tire, 
black,  bank,  bleak,  bound,  bind,  band,  mind,  meant,  mint, 
breaki'a-it,  dinner,  supper,  billow,  drill,  drink,  drank,  gain, 
again,  gone,  gown,  duty,  droop,  drip,  dream,  count,  countless, 
counter,  gallant,  gem,  gum,  gin,  Jane,  gather,  hang,  hanging, 
hoop  maiden,  mechanical. 


22 

BUSINESS     LAW. 
Ignorance  of  the  law  excuses  no  one. 
An  agreement  without  consideration  is  void. 
Signatures  made  with  a  lead  pencil  are  good  in  law. 
A  receipt  for  money  paid  is  not  legally  conclusive. 
The  acts  of  one  partner  bind  all  the  others. 
Contracts  made  on  Sunday  cannot  be  enforced. 
A  contract  made  with  a  minor  or  a  lunatic  is  void. 
Principals  are  responsible  for  the  acts  of  their  agents. 
Agents  are  responsible  to  their  principals  for  errors. 
Each  individual  in  a  partnership  is  responsible  for  the  whole 

amount  of  the  debt  of  the  firm. 
A  note  given  by  a  minor  is  void. 
Notes  bear  interest  only  when  so  stated. 
It  is  not  necessary  to  say  on  a  note,  "  for  value  received." 
A  note  drawn  on  Sunday  is  void. 

A  note  obtained  by  fraud,  or  from  a  person  in  a  state   of  in- 
toxication, cannot  be  collected. 

If  a  note  be  lost  or  stolen,  it  does  not  release  the  maker. 
An  indorser  of  a  note  is  exempt  from  liability,  if  not   served 

with  notice  of  its  dishonor  within   twenty-four   hours 

of  its  non-payment. 

It  is  a  fraud  to  conceal  a  fraud. 
The  law  compels  no  one  to  do  impossibilities. 
A  personal  right  of  action  dies  with  the  person. 
In  making  agreements,  consider  not  only   your   rights,    but 
also  your  remedies. 


23 

WORD     SIGNS. 

x  i  of,  2  the,  3  I. 

•  i  a,  an. 

—  i  and,  2  say,  3  so. 

'  i  was,  2  owe,  oh,  3  out. 

•*  i  what,  4  would. 

*•  i  any,  2  thing,  3  long. 

•*  i  beyond,  2  you,  3  young 

^  i  with,  2  when,  3  were. 

t  i  that,  2  he,  3  who. 

«  i  as,  has,  2  is,  his,  3  us. 

—  i  can,  2  come,  3  could,  company. 
_,  i  cannot,  kind,  2  account. 

/—  i  all,  2  will. 

^ i  are,  2  or,  3  our. 

\  i  by,  2  be,  3  but,  obey,  4  to  be. 

/  i  had,  die,  2  day,  3  do,  due. 

1  i  if,  2  for,  3  from. 


24 

v  i  after,  2  for  the,  3  from  the. 

i  large,  3  joy,  judge. 

"^  i  my,  am,  2  him,  3  me. 

i  in,  2  no,  know,  3  on. 

v^  i  not,  night,  2  and  the,  3  on  the. 

\  i  part,  2  up,  3  upon,  hope. 

i  at,  2  it,  3  to,  two. 
<  i  have,  of  the,  2  ever,  3  vow. 

^  i  why,  2  we,  3  one. 

f  i  thy,  though,  2  they,  them,  3  without,  thou,  thee 

f  i  doctor,  2  dear,  3  during. 

^  i  find,  2  found,  3  fond. 

i  ago,  2  give,  3  go. 

__  i  got,  2  get,  3  good. 

«_  i  glad. 

c-  2  great. 

*-/""         i  myself,  2  himself. 

i  in  their,  neither,  2   nor,  3  under,  hundred. 


25 
/  i  enjoy. 

/  2  knowledge. 

1  bought,  2  body,  3  but  the,  4  about. 

2  better. 

/  2  able,  3  oblige-d. 

>^  2  behavior. 

1_  i  abundant,  2  between  the,  3  obedient. 

/  2  different— ce. 

j  i  had  not,  2  did  not,  3  do  not. 

y  2  devolve-d. 

,  2  distinct. 

s  2  discreet,  discord. 

/  2  district. 

•  i  fact,  affect,  2  effect. 

^  i  feature,  3  future. 

v  2  February. 

•^  i  form,  2  free, 

v^-^          i  family. 


26 

^—^  i      another,      2     in     our,     Henry, 

3  honor,  owner. 

>  i  every,  2  very,  3  over. 

•**""  i.  why,  2  we,  3  one. 

**"^  i  where,  we  are,  3  whether. 

i  walk,  2  week,  3  work. 

(.  i  there,  they  are,  3  other. 

C  i  these,  2  this,  3  thus. 

S  2  those. 

(~s  i  thank,  2  think. 

J  i  each,  2  which,  3  much. 

s  i  shall,  2  she,  3  show 

%-  i  want,  2  went. 

j»  2  till,  tell,  3  until. 

\  i  tried,  2  trade. 
-^--'  i  rather,  2  roar,  3  room. 
^  i  mind,  2  may  not,  amount. 
^  2  Mr.,  2  remember,  3  mother. 

7*  i  enlarge. 


27 


t       o 


^      «T      '    t 


V        y 

~ 


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x 


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28 


-i  -.  -i 


T 


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X,    . 


O 


BUSINESS  LAW. 
Key  on  page  22. 


N. 


J 


<    x    < 


fi    .    L 


\ 


P-  U 


-   L 


J- 


THE  GALLERY. 

EXTRACT  FROM  BENN  PITMANN. 


30 


V 


•i* 

X 


THE  TRUE  GLORY  OF  A  NATION. 

EXTRACT  FROM  MUNSON. 
> 


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( 


t: 


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31 


A. 


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s 


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34 

RTJLKS 

1.  The  letters   L,  B,  H,  W,  Y  and  Z,  when  they  stand 
alone,  are  always  written  upward;  the  remainder  of  the  con- 
sonants are  written  downward  or  from  left  to  right. 

2.  A  vowel  written  above  a  horizontal  consonant  reads 
before  it;  written  below,  it  reads  after.     Aim,  may,  ache,  key. 

3.  A  consonant  may   be   written   half   length    to   add 
T  or  D.   Night,  light,  need. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  a  word  K   is   not   written   half 
length.    Gat,  kid. 

5        G  is  written  quarter  length  to  add  T  or  D. 

6.  When  B  or  L  follows  immediately  after  a  consonant, 
the  hook  must  always  be  used. 

7.  When  B  or  L  follows  a  vowel,  the  hook  must  never 
be  used. 

8.  When  B  is  added  by  lengthening,  a   vowel   always 
reads  before  the  added  letter.     Power,  far,  more,  near. 

9.  B  and  L  hooks  are  always  written  at  the  beginning  of 
consonants;    N  and  F  hooks  at  the  end.        Pray,  pain,  plain. 

10.  N  and  F  hooks  are  final.   When  a  word  ends  with  a 
vowel  these  hooks  are  not  used        Fan,  Fanny,  cough,  coffee. 

11.  The  F  or  V  hook    cannot    be   written   on    curved 
letters. 

12.  S  is  written  on  the  right   or  npper  side  of  straight 
consonants;  when  8  is  written  on  the  opposite  side,  it  adds   R 
at  the  beginning  and  N  at  the  end. 

13.  8  may  be  written  double  length  to  add  T.      Steam, 
last,  most, 

14.  8  or  St  at  the  beginning  of  a  consonant  reads  before 
the  vowel;  at  the  end  of  a  consonant  it  reads  after  the  vowel.. 
Sat,  step,  days. 


35 


There  was  once  a  good  little  dwarf  named  Try,  who  was  so  power- 
ful that  he  overcame  everything  that  he  attempted,  and  yet  was  so  small 
that  people  laughed  when  they  were  told  of  his  wondrous  powers.  But 
the  tiny  man  was  so  kind  at  heart,  and  loved  so  much  to  serve  those  who 
were  less  able  than  himself,  that  he  would  go  and  beg  of  those  who  knew 
him  better,  to  plead  for  him  that  he  might  be  allowed  to  help  them  out  of 
their  troubles;  and  when  once  he  had  made  them  happy  by  his  noble 
deeds,  they  no  longer  despised  him  or  drove  him  away  with  sneers,  but 
loved  him  as  their  best  friend.  Yet  the  only  return  this  good  dwarf 
sought  for  all  his  services,  was  that  when  they  knew  any  one  who  wanted 
a  helping  hand  they  would  say  a  good  word  in  his  favor,  and  commend 
them  to  Try. 

New  York,  Jan.  28th,  1888. 

Gentlemen:-  In  answer  to  yours  of  the  23rd.  the  goods  were  sent  yes- 
terday, by  Adams'  Express.  You  ought  to  receive  them  to-morrow  after- 
noon. Yours  truly, 

Gentlemen:-  Inclosed  find  invoice  cf  Teas  ordered  on  the  9th  inst. 
The  Japans  were  not  quite  up  to  the  mark,  so  we  sent  Chinas.  The 
price  is  a  little  higher,  but  we  know  the  goods  will  please  you,  we  ship- 
ped yesterday,  via  New  York  Central  as  directed. 

Gentlemen:.  Your  favor  of  22nd.  was  duly  received,  and  we  forward 
the  goods  this  day  per  Merchants'  Despatch,  as  directed.  Inclosed  find 
invoice  Your  obedient  servants, 

Cashier  First  National  Bank. 

Sir:-  We  propose  to  open  a  deposit  account  in  your  bank,  and  would 
refer  to  F.  M.  Stevens,  Esq.,  and  to  Messers  Browning  <fe  Co.,  as  to  our 
standing,  Ac.  Respectfully  your  servants, 

Gentlemen:-     Will  you  oblige  us  confidentially  with  some  informa- 
tion relative  to  Messers  J.  B.  Jones  &  Co.,  of  your  town.     Do  they  stand 
fair,  and  would  you  consider  it  safe  to  sell  them  at  four  months? 
Respectfully  your  servnats, 

Gentlemen:-  Your  favor  of  the  10th  is  at  hand.  We  regret  that  we 
oannot  give  you  any  satisfactory  information  relative  to  the  parties  you 
inquire  about.  Our  opinion  of  them  is  unfavorable. 

<Tery  respectfully  yours, 

Gentlemen:-  In  reply  to  yours  of  the  10th  inst,  we  would  say  that 
the  house  you  inquire  about  is  in  good  standing,  and  we  should  not  re- 
fose  them  a  reasonable  credit;  but  we  do  not  know  the  extent  of  their  re- 
qponsibility.  Respectfully  yours, 

Gentlemen:-  In  reply  to  yours  of  the  10th  inst.  we  would  say  that 
the  house  of  J.  B.  Jones  &  Co.,  is  in  first  rate  standing,  and  in  our  opin- 
ion will  assume  no  indebtedness  for  which  they  are  not  amply  respon- 
sible. 


36 

THE  GALLERY. 

EXTRACT  FBOM  BENN  PITMANN. 


The  qualifications  required  in  a  good  reporter  are  various, 
and  they  are  not  so  easy  of  attainment  as  is  generally  suppos- 
ed. In  the  first  place,  a  man  who  pretends  to  be  an 
ornament  to  his  profession,  must  be  a  good  shorthand  writer. 
There  are  certainly  many  excellent  persons  in  the  Gallery, 
who  use  abbreviated  longhand,  but  still  a  quicker  mode  of 
note  taking  is  in  general  desirable,  and,  in  many  cases,  abso- 
lutely necessary,  unless  the  reporter  is  favored  with  an  extra- 
ordinary memory.  Some  persons  have  been  known  to  supply 
a  column  of  a  newspaper,  and  that  even  on  financial  questions, 
in  which  figures  form  the  bulk;  entirely  from  the  exercise  of 
memory,  no  notes  having  been  taken ;  but  these  are  rare  in- 
stances. 


THE  TRUE  GLORY  OF  A  NATION. 

EXTRACT  FROM  MUNSON. 


The  true  glory  of  a  nation  is  an  intelligent,  honest,  indus- 
trious Christian  people.  The  civilization  of  a  people  depends 
on  their  individual  character;  and  a  constitution  which  is  not 
the  outgrowth  of  this  character,  is  not  worth  the  parchment  on 
which  it  is  written  You  look  in  vain  in  the  past,  for  a  single 
instance,  where  the  people  have  preserved  their  liberties,  after 
their  individual  character  was  lost.  It  is  not  in  the  mag- 
nificence of  its  palaces,  not  in  the  beautiful  creations  of  art 
lavished  on  its  public  edifices,  not  in  costly  libraries  and  gal- 
leries of  pictures,  not  in  the  number  or  wealth  of  its  cities, 
that  we  find  a  nation's  glory. 


LETTERS. 


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TO    PAGE     18. 


THE     FOLLOWING      SENTENCES      SHOULD     BE 
WRITTEN     IN     SHORTHAND. 

i.  A  good  beginning  is  half  the  work.  2.  Rome  was  not 
built  in  a  day.  3  He  who  speaks  much,  often  blunders. 
4.  A  rolling  stone  gathers  no  moss  5.  A  fault  confessed 
is  half  redressed  6.  The  poor  are  always  in  the  wrong. 
7.  Honesty  is  the  best  policy.  8.  He  that  goes  a  borrowing 
goes  a  sorrowing.  9.  Skill  is  better  than  stren.th.  10. 
March  winds  and  Apiil  showers  brin^  forth  May  flowers. 
it.  Better  to  be  silent  than  to  speak  ill.  12  Brfer  nlone 
than  in  bad  company.  13.  A  bird  in  the  hand  is  worth  two 
in  the  bush.  14.  Habit  is  second  nature.  15.  Let  no  one 
boast  of  a  thing  until  he  has  finished  it.  16.  |N  o  one  is  so 
deaf  as  he  who  will  not  hear,  i  7.  All  is  not  gold  that  glitters. 
1  8.  Never  cast  pearls  before  swine.  19  The  shortt-st  \\ay 
is  not  alwa\s  the  best.  20.  One  gift  is  worth  two  promises. 
21.  Knowledge  is  better  than  great  riches.  22.  Borrow  a 
crown,  and  you  will  know  its  value.  23.  One  swallow  does 
not  make  a  'summer.  24.  Never  cry  over  spilled  milk. 
25.  Cut  your  coat  according  to  the  cloth.  26.  A  barking 
dog  seldom  bites.  27.  Genius  and  talent  are  not  synonyms. 
28.  Choose  your  companions  from  your  superiors.  29. 
Riches  cannot  secure  contentment.  30.  What  the  eye  never 
sees,  the  heart  never  grieves.  31.  Never  allow  a  favorable 
opportunity  to  escape.  32.  Short  reckonings  make  long 
friendships.  33.  Experience  is  the  best  teacher.  34.  Still 
waters  run  deep.  35.  Tell  me  the  company  you  keep,  and  I 
will  tell  you  what  you  what  are.  36.  When  wine  is  in,  wit 
is  out.  37.  Where  there  is  a  will,  there  is  a  way.  38- 
When  the  cat  is  away,  the  mice  will  play.  39.  A  close 
mouth  makes  a  wise  head.  40.  Every  man  to  his  trade. 
41.  Wolves  may  lose  their  teeth,  but  not  their  nature. 


J7 


BUSINESS     LAW. 
ignorance  of  the  law  excuses  no  one. 
An  agreement  without  consideration  is  void. 
Signatures  ma.de  with  a  lead  pencil  are  good  in  law. 
A  receipt  for  monev  paid  is  not  legally  conclusive. 
The  acts  of  one  partner  bind  all  the  others. 
Contracts  made  on  Sunday  cannot  be  enforced. 
A  contract  made  with  a  minor  or  a  lunatic  is  void. 
Principals  are  responsible  for  the  acts  of  their  agents. 
Agents  are  responsible  to  their  principals  for  errors. 
Each  individual  in  a  partnership  is  responsible  for  the  whole 

amount  of  the  debt  of  the  firm. 
A  note  given  by  a  minor  is  void. 
Notes  bear  interest  only  when  so  stated. 
It  is  not  necessary  to  say  on  a  note,  "  for  value  received." 
A  note  drawn  on  Sunday  is  void. 

A  note  obtained  by  fraud,  or  from  a  person  in  a  state    of  in- 
toxication, cannot  be  collected. 

If  a  note  be  lost  or  stolen,  it  does  not  release  the  maker. 
An  indorser  of  a  note  is  exempt  from  liability,  if  not    served 

with  notice  of  its  dishonor  within   twenty-four    hours 

of  its  non-payment. 

It  is  a  fraud  to  conceal  a  fraud. 
The  law  compels  no  one  to  do  impossibilities. 
A  personal  right  of  action  dies  with  the  person. 
In  making  agreements,  consider   not  only    your    rights,    but 
also  vo    r  remedies. 


18 


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THE  GALLERY. 
EXTRACT  FROM  BENM  PITM.VX.V. 


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21 


KEY  TO  SHORTHAND  EXERCISES. 


EXERCISE  I. 

Aim,  may,  ache,  nay,  aid,  day,  ape,  pay,  paid,  fade, 
make,  tame,  be,  fee,  me,  knee,  key,  team,  beam,  feed,  beef, 
keep,  meek,  tie,  by,  nigh,  die,  my,  bough,  now,  cow. 

EXERCISE  III. 

Wrote,  root,  pole,  pool,  dome,  doom,  comb,  boom,  tomb, 
go,  toll,  tool,  boat,  boot,  coat,  coal,  cool,  show,  shoe,  cot, 
caught,  rot,  wrought,  not,  naught,  lot,  law,  Tom,  tall,  ball, 
fought,  up,  pew,  nut,  new,  cut,  mule,  buff,  few,  come,  cue, 
dew,  foot,  mute,  duck,  duke. 

EXERCISE  V. 

Rat,  cat,  mat,  fat,  met,  bell,  pet,  peck,  deck,  net,  knit, 
peg,  pig,  beg,  big,  bag,  bake,  dim,  Dick,  dig,  toy,  boy,  toil, 
boil,  joy,  coil. 

EXERCISE  VII. 

Pat,  pet,  pit,  put,  taught,  tight,  light,  late,  let,  knit,  n't, 
fate,  date,  debt,  died,  deed,  note,  wet,  wait,  hate,  neat,  heat, 
lot,  not,  naught,  fought,  bought,  white,  might,  fight,  feet, 
bat,  bet,  bit,  did. 

EXERCISE  IX. 

Pray,  cry,  play,  clay,  draw,  dry,  glow,  glue,  try,  tree, 
true,  grow,  grew,  plum,  plume,  tram,  trim,  dream,  pry,  ply, 
drew,  crew,  tray,  played,  prayed. 


22 

EXERCISE  XL 

Brew,  blew,  brow,  blow,  fry,  fly,  free,  flee,  flow,  flew, 
shrew,  able,  black,  bleak,  blank,  blame,  bless,  bliss,  blossom, 
bluff,  break,  brass,  braid,  bread,  brag,  brake,  bracket,  brace- 
let, brewery,  brew,  freak,  flake,  flap,  flat,  float,  flute,  fruit, 
flight,  fling,  frail,  three. 

EXERCISE  XIII. 

Fire,  fry,  tour,  true,  fur,  fury,  fell,  folly,  tare,  tray,  brew, 
bar,  tear,  tree,  bear,  brow,  fair,  pair,  pray,  more,  mire,  near, 
wire,  bore,  blew,  brow,  flee,  fly,  bread. 

EXERCISE  XV. 

Dine,  done,  cane,  gone,  ten,  fine,  gain,  lane,  lean,  pine, 
nun,  noon,  pin,  pan,  gun,  rain,  run,  train,  plain,  drain,  drawn, 
clean,  brown,  green,  glean,  clown,  grain,  thrown. 

EXERCISE  XVII. 

Cave,  cane,  pave,  pain,  muff,  man,  beef,  five,  life,  cough, 
dove,  grain,  grave,  proof,  trained,  draft,  drown,  rave,  rain, 
Dave,  Dane,  done,  down,  deaf,  den,  cuff,  cone,  grief,  town, 
mine,  moan,  moon,  move,  ruff,  run,  knife,  nine,  wine,  dive, 
drive,  brown,  green,  grove,  groove,  bun,  bone,  boon. 

EXERCISE  XIX. 

Fanny,  bonny,  coffee,  gravy,  cough,  fan,  grave,  puff, 
puffy,  dawn,  dove,  Duffy,  pen,  boney,  bone,  leaf,  prove, 
drain,  train,  deaf,  Dane,  lane,  line,  grown,  fallen,  flown, 
moon,  bun,  been,  drive,  drain,  brown,  pave,  brain,  pail, 
play  power,  fire. 


23 

EXERCISE  XXI. 

Pint,  paved,  bend,  puffed,  tent,  tint,  faint,  leaned,  mint, 
meant,  mind,  moaned,  found,  fond,  rent,  rift,  raft,  cleft, 
pound,  point,  dent,  kind,  dawned,  fund,  rained,  rent,  roughed, 
taunt,  tuned,  dived,  pained,  band,  bond,. bind,  bound,  lined. 

EXERCISE  XXIII. 

Stay,  stray,  pays,  pains,  sad,  said,  sod,  sawed,  side,  spy, 
spry,  soap,  soup,  spray,  strive,  stain,  price,  prince,  pines,  pies, 
dens,  days,  dines,  dies,  toes,  twos,  tones,  tunes,  ties,  tens, 
dice,  dense,  dunce,  draft,  drift,  drained,  case,  canes,  goes, 
gains,  gowns,  fan,  Fanny,  man,  money,  many,  men,  stride. 

EXERCISE  XXV. 

Seam,  steam,  miss,  mist,  size,  season,  faces,  possess,  stick, 
step,  stab,  stake,  steady,  study,  stem,  steamer,  most,  must, 
last,  least,  fast,  feast,  cost,  cast,  cased,  based,  boast,  waste, 
west,  haste,  host,  guest,  gust,  nest,  mast,  basis,  mosses, 
Moses,  success,  mass,  masses,  dance,  dances,  prince,  princes, 
tense,  tenses,  cane,  ten. 

EXERCISE  XXVII. 

Last,  lasts,  success,  successes,  while,  whim,  went,  wail, 
hill,  ham,  habit,  hair,  mast,  masts,  mist,  mists,  fast,  fasts, 
feast,  feasts,  guest,  guests,  rest,  rests,  waste,  wastes,  nest, 
nests,  wheel,  well,  wool,  winner,  winter,  Wednesday, 
whimper,  wanton,  heel. 

EXERCISE  XXIX. 

By,  law,  die,  fight,  far,  bar,  par,  tire,  my,  night,  pie,  nigh, 
white,  shy,  fright,  strive,  pawn,  tried,  lime,  sad,  sought, 
drawn,  tile,  trial,  fry,  fly,  mile,  last,  lasts,  cast,  casts,  fast, 
fasts,  cry,  dry,  drive,  try,  fan,  Fanny,  fire,  light,  might,  band, 
mine,  pine,  dive,  fine,  sign,  right,  ride,  Paul,  Saul,  wide,  nine. 


EXERCISE  XXXI. 

Bo,  pit,  day,  met,  ought,  eat,  aim,  ache,  nation,  mission, 
emotion,  fashion,  bare,  pare,  near,  fear,  fee,  hay,  gay,  key, 
mill,  nay,  tea,  caution,  tension,  aid,  fade,  laid,  made,  lane, 
meant,  mind,  kind,  find,  sent,  send,  faint,  bent,  lend,  prayed, 
played,  stake,  stick,  step,  steam,  steamer,  mist,  meets,  feast, 
fits,  masts,  mats,  test,  debts,  seems. 

EXERCISE  XXXriL 

More,  bun,  town,  few,  do,  boy,  go,  joy,  cow,  low,  rue, 
too,  view,  woe,  thou,  show,  power,  poor,  7node,  food,  feud, 
sown,  sued,  suit,  strewed,  note,  flood,  choose,  possess, 
mosses,  gust,  guest,  study,  muff,  puff,  dove,  cuff,  fun,  noon, 
moon,  none,  gone,  plum,  true,  drew,  crow,  grow,  boil,  foil, 
soil,  plow,  gloom. 

EXERCISE  XXXV. 

Constant,  complete,  confined,  confound,  recommend, 
irreconciliation,  incomplete,  inconstant,  going,  waiting, 
causing,  meaning,  myself,  himself,  selfish,  yourself,  careful, 
beautiful,  sensible,  excusable,  induce,  enemy,  undue,  increase, 
get,  good,  caught,  kid,  quote,  request,  ache,  oak,  walk,  wake, 
wood,  bewail. 

EXERCISE  XXXVII. 

Ask,  fancy,  easy,  possession,  compensation,  saw,  sigh, 
see,  ease,  sue,  escape,  asleep,  esteem,  easel,  astonish,  assign, 
aside,  assault,  ascertain,  certain,  assist. 

EXERCISE  XLII. 

Room,  rum,  roar,  rear,  rhyme,  remit,  remain,  remainder, 
remittance,  remedy,  remind,  reminiscence,  remission,  remote, 
remove,  removal,  remunerate,  remains. 


EXERCISE  XLIV. 

Hate,  fate,  fade,  wait,  wade,  pet,  paid,  get,  good, 
kid.  cat,  begged,  laid,  faded,  waited,  bad,  bought,  deed, 
feed,  feud,  food,  date,  debt,  died,  weed,  mate,  mode, 
note,  neat,  taught,  tight. 

EXERCISE  XL VIII. 

Caves,  fence,  binds,  roofs,  case,  canes,  guest,  against, 
desk,  task,  execution,  discussion,  discourse,  discrete, 
excursion,  discretion,  finds,  tents,  kinds,  lends,  funds, 
faints,  puffs,  grieves,  coughs,  dives,  defies,  defense, 
defiance,  dawns,  dines,  proves,  canst,  cast,  guest,  against, 
commenced,  commence,  dance,  danced,  disrepute,  disruption, 
display,  disguise,  disgrace,  disclaim,  discrepancy,  disdain, 
disfigure,  rent,  rents,  rifts,  rafts,  pound,  pounds,  pint,  pints, 
band,  bands,  bond,  bonds,  rain,  rains,  roof,  roofs,  runs,  run, 
beer,  brewer,  behave,  behavior,  superior,  vacant,  vague. 

EXERCISE  L. 

At  the  beginning  of  a  word  W  is  not  written  half 
length  to  add  D.  Wad,  wade,  wed,  weed,  wood,  wedding, 
weeding,  wide,  waddle,  wet,  wait,  white,  wit,  wheat,  witness, 
wetness,  whiteness. 

Before  L,  M  or  N,  a  small  hook  is  used  for  W.  Wheel, 
wail,  well,  wall,  wool,  willow,  wealth,  while,  William,  weal, 
whale,  woman,  women,  whim,  wanton,  winner,  winter,  went, 
want,  wanted,  wonder. 

Before  K,  G  or  Sh,  brief  W  is  used.  Wake,  walk,  week, 
wick,  wag,  waggon,  waggoner,  weaken,  waken,  wakeful,  wash. 

Wire,  ware,  war,  weary,  warrior,  wearer,  west,  waist, 
widest,  windward,  wheeled,  wailed,  wailing. 

Hall,  hill,  heel,  hole,  hull,  whole,  hollow,  hail,  holder, 
ham,  hamper,  hammer,  hamlet,  nammock,  hem,  hemisphere, 
hemlock,  hymn,  hum,  human,  humanity,  humble,  humilia- 
tion, habit,  habitual,  habitation. 


26 


EXERCISE  LI. 

Babe,  baby,  back,  bake,  bag,  beg,  beak,  ball,  bale,  bell, 
mill,  mail,  meal,  fidelity,  bill,  bull,  beach,  bench,  banish, 
battle,  beetle,  bottle,  dull,  dale,  delay,  daily,  deal,  cap,  cattle, 
cape,  cup,  keep,  copy,  coffee,  cab,  egg,  gay,  go,  gape,  gate, 
guide,  giddy,  gauge,  gaily,  guilty,  fade,  fed,  feed,  food, 
pack,  peck,  pick,  peak,  dog,  duck,  lime. 

EXERCISE  LII. 

Ballot,  bald,  bailed,  built,  bold,  bullet,  begin,  bacon, 
beacon,  balance,  bailiff,  banjo,  blue,  true,  try,  tire,  fry,  fire, 
black,  bank,  bleak,  bound,  bind,  band,  mind,  meant,  mint, 
breakfast,  dinner,  supper,  billow,  drill,  drink,  drank,  gain, 
again,  gone,  gown,  duty,  droop,  drip,  dream,  count,  countless, 
counter,  gallant,  gem,  gum,  gin,  Jane,  gather,  hang,  hanging, 
hoop,  maiden,  mechanical. 

EXERCISE  LIIL 

A  downward  R  or  L  shows  a  vowel  before  it ;  upward, 
a  vowel  after  it. 

Air,  early,  ear,  really,  vile  vowel,  valley,  value,  veal,  fall, 
folly,  tile  fallow,  fail,  follow  orb,  robe,  Arab,  rub,  Europe, 
repay,  lament,  element  eliminate,  fur,  fury,  army  fairy,  fire, 
fair,  ferry,  harmony,  bare,  berry,  mayor,  merry,  dare,  dairy, 
drear,  dreary,  store  story,  steady,  steam,  stream,  steamer, 
streamer,  storm  pale,  play,  plain,  placed,  pleased. 

EXERCISE  LIV. 

Pet  petty,  pity.  pit.  payable,  pebble,  payment,  putrid, 
pass,  pussy,  possession,  palm,  balm,  calm,  penny,  plant,  com- 
plaint, complete  paleness  prominent  permanent,  pre-eminent, 
prefer,  perfect,  precede,  pursued,  protect,  predict,  premises, 
promises,  custom,  customer,  customary,  town  towns  price, 
prince  fancy,  infancy,  guilt,  guild,  field,  fault,  failed,  felt, 
gratitude,  greatly,  gradually,  graduate,  graceful,  gracefully, 
grammar,  hard,  art,  heard,  hardy,  maintain,  eminent,  hearty. 


2V 

COURT  OF  COMMON  PLEAS, 
City  and  County  of  New  York. 

William  James  Moody, 

Plaintiff, 
—  against  — 

The  Manhattan  Railroad  Company, 

Defendant. 


The  plaintiff  above  named  for  his  cause  of  action  herein 
alleges  : 

First :  That  the  defendant  above  named  is  now  and 
was  a  corporation  duly  organized  and  created  under  and  by 
virtue  of  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  was  the 
owner  of  certain  railroad  stations  along  Third  avenue,  in 
the  City  of  New  York,  and  was  operating  its  railroad 
tracks  along  the  line  of  said  road  at  all  the  times  herein- 
after mentioned. 

Second  :  That  on  or  about  the  ninth  day  of  March, 
1894,  last  passed,  while  this  plaintiff  was  lawfully  and 
necessarily  in  and  upon  the  railroad  station  of  the  said 
defendant  corporation,  situated  at  the  corner  of  Houston 
street  and  Third  avenue,  in  the  City  of  New  York,  one  of 
the  servants  or  employees  of  the  said  defendant  corpo- 
ration, wrongfully,  unlawfully,  negligently,  unnecessarily 
and  without  just  or  lawful  cause  or  provocation  therefor, 
assaulted,  battered  and  bruised  this  plaintiff  by  shoving, 
pushing  and  violently  throwing  this  plaintiff  down  the 
steps  leading  to  the  station  at  Houston  street,  with  great 
force  and  violence,  this  plaintiff  falling  head  foremost,  and 
receiving  several  scalp  wound?,  from  which  he  bled  quite 
freely,  and  other  severe  contusions  of  the  head  and  body, 
and  other  injuries. 


28 


Third  :  That  in  consequence  thereof,  this  plaintiff 
became,  and  for  some  time  continued  to  he  sick,  soro, 
wounded,  bruised  and  injured  and  confined  to  his  house 
and  bed,  and  was  obliged  to  be  attended  by  a  physician 
for  the  treatment  and  cure  of  said  injuries.  That  he  has 
been  incapacitated  from  attending  to  his  lawful  and  nec- 
essary  work  and  business,'  and  that  he  has  suffered  great 
pain  in  body  and  anguish  of  mind,  in  consequence  of  the 
said  injuries,  and  also  for  his  family  who  were  solely  de- 
pendent upon  him  for  their  support  and  maintainance, 
and  has  been  otherwise  injured,  to  his  loss  and  damage 
in  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars. 

WHEREFORE  this  plaintiff  demands  judgement 
against  the  defendant,  for  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars, 
together  with  the  costs  of  this  action. 

James  Taylor, 

Plaintiff's  Attorn  e}', 

Office  and  Post)  206  Broadway, 

Office  address.  )  New  York  City. 


City  and  County  of  New  York,  ss. 

William  James  Moody  being  duly  sworn,  deposes  and 
says,  I  am  the  plaintiff  in  this  action,  I  have  read  the  fore- 
going complaint  and  the  same  is  true  of  my  own  knowledge, 
except  as  to  the  matters  therein  stated  to  be  alleged  on 
information  and  belief,  and  as  to  those  matters  I  believe  it 
to  be  true. 

Sworn  to  before  me  this  24th") 
day  of  March,  1895.  j 


29 

LETTERS. 

19  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 
MR.  B.  BAILEY, 

34  Smith  Street,  Cincinnatti,  O. 

DEAR  SIR  : — 

I  have  shipped  you  to-day  4   sample  books   of  cloth 
marked  J.  M.  numbers  3,  7,  n  and  15.     I   shall   be   glad  if 
you  will  examine  these  goods  and  compare  the  prices. 
Hoping  to  hear  from  you  at  an  early  date,  I  remain, 

Yours  respectfully, 
No.  I. — 62  words.  J.  C.  ACKER. 


29  BROADWAY, 
NEW  YORK,  June  20,  1893. 
W.  H.  FRANK,  Esq. 

General  Manager  S.  &  B.  Railroad  Co., 

Atlanta,  Ga. 
DEAR  SIR  : — 

Kindly  instruct  Mr.  Taylor  to  issue  transportation 
orders  for  my  car,  over  R.  &  D.  lines  in  North  Carolina  and 
oblige, 

Yours  very  truly, 

No.  2. — 52  words.  J.  H.  HII.L. 


JOHN  FARRINGTON,  Esq. 

Pres.  S.  &  B.  Railroad  Co. 

DEAR  SIR  : — 

If  consistent  with  your  rules,  I  would  thank  you  for 
trip  pass,  for  my  secretary  T.  J.  Smith,  from  New  York  to 
New  Orleans  and  return. 

Yours  truly, 
No.  3. — 38  words.  T.  Jackson. 


30 

Major  Thomas  H.  Radcliff, 

General  Manager  F.  &  W.  S.  R.  R.  Co. 

Dear  Sir  : — 

I  am  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  3rd  inst.  and  also 
of  the  forms  of  release  vouchers  therein  advised,  for  which 

I  am  much  obliged. 

Yours  truly, 
No.  4. — 45  words.  J.  E.  Baker. 

Colonel  H.  Walker, 

Commissioner. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

Your  wire  of  the  4th  inst.  duly  received,  giving  sum- 
mary of  the  contents  of  shipment  from  Atlanta,  over  Atlanta 
and  Florida  Railroad,  for  which  I  am  much  obliged. 
Mimeograph  copy  will  supply  all  the  details  which  I  desire. 

Very  truly  yours, 
No.  5. — 50  words.  M.  G-  Ames. 

Thomas  T.  Jackson,  Esq. 

Traffic  Manager. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

Your  telegram  in  regard  to  original  paper  in  matter 
of  advance  in  Orange  Rates,  from  Florida,  was  received  by 
Mr.  Graham  just  as  he  was  leaving  the  office.  I  have  seen 
Mr.  Cloud  in  regard  to  the  matter  and  he  says  the  original 
paper  was  given  to  the  Jacksonville  people,  and  that  so  far 
as  he  knows  no  copy  of  it  was  made.  Mr.  Cloud  says  it  was 
very  short  and  in  almost  the  following  language  :  "  The 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  has  notified  the  Jacksonville  people, 
that  they  too,  as  the  outlet  of  the  all  rail  lines  have  de- 
manded an  advance  often  cents  over  last  year's  rates." 

Yours  truly, 
No.  6. — 118  words.  B.  Bennett. 


Colonel  H.  Walker, 

Commissioner  etc. 
Dear  Sir  :— 

I  am  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  xath  inst.  with 
attached  statement  and  correspondence,  relative  to  the 
maintainance  of  rates  at  Brunswick,  for  which  I  thank  you. 

Yours  truly, 
No  7.— 38  words.  W.  Burke. 


W.  H.  Frank,  Esq., 

General  Manager. 
Dear  Sir  :— 

I  am  unable  at  the  moment  to  find  the  papers  regard- 
ing the  terminal  station  at  Athens,  requested  in  yours  of  the 
5th  inst.  I  will  have  further  search  made  and  advise  you. 

Yours  truly, 
No.  8.— 42  words.  W.  Burke. 


J.  B.  Freeman,  Esq. 

33  Barclay  Street,  New  York. 
Dear  Sir  :— 

Your  favor  of  the  1 2th  inst.  received  and  I  have 
written  a  letter  to  Messrs.  Green  &  Co.,  a  copy  of  which  I 
enclose  herewith ;  I  also  hand  you  their  reply,  which  after 
reading  please  return.  Yours  truly, 

No.  Q. — 41  words.  W.  Burke. 

Mark  Gaylor,  Esq. 

229  Trenton  Street,  York,  Pa. 
_.    Dear  Sir  :— 

I  am  in  receipt  of  yours  of  the  loth  inst.  with  the 
proposed  mortgages  for  the  North  Carolina  Midland.  I 


have  sent  the  mortgages  to  Messrs.  Farley  &  Serl,  our 
General  Counsel,  and  will  return  to  you  for  execution  after 
the  revision.  Yours  truly, 

No.  10. — 57  words.  J.  Engelhardt. 


Dear  Sir  :— 

Please  send  me  a  few  blank  revenue  sheets,  say  t..ree 
of  each  division  ;  better  send  the  new  form  for  the  Schen- 
ectady  District.  Yours  truly, 

No.  XX.— *8  words.  John  Hill. 


Mr.  J.  W.  Morrison, 

29  Carlton  Avenue,  Brooklyn. 
Dear  Sir  :— 

We  are  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  2oth  inst.,  and 
also  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  previous  communication 
of  the  i4th,  inclosing  50  cents  in  stamps.  On  the  i6th  we 
mailed  you  a  copy  of  "  Adam  Bede,"  which  has  no  doubt 
come  to  hand  by  this  time;  if  not  let  us  know  and  we  will 
take  steps  to  ascertain  why  delivery  has  been  delayed. 

Yours  respectfully, 
No.  12.— 80  words.  R.  Glover. 


Messrs.  C.  B.  Harrison  &  Co., 

Cincinatti,  Ohio. 
Gentlemen  : — 

We  take  pleasure  in  handing  you  a  copy  of  our  job- 
bing price  list  as  per  your  request  of  the  23rd  inst.  Our 
draft  on  you  for  $28.75,  bill  of  May  27th,  has  been  returned 
indorsed  paid.  As  no  such  remittance  has  been  received  by 
us«  it  has  probably  been  lost  through  the  mail.  May  we 
therefore  request  that  you  furnish  duplicate  of  the  draft  or 


•     33 

check,  and  should  the  original  turn    up  it   will   be   at   once 
returned  to  you.  Very  respectfully  yours, 

No.  13. — 100  words.  M.  Kirby. 


R.  M.  Wells,  Esq. 

Cross  Street,  Geneva,  111. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

We  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  favors  of  the  nth 
and  1 2th,  from  Cedar  Rapids.  We  have  sent  Mr.  J.  B. 
Smith  a  copy  of  "  My  Favorite  Receipt  "  and  would  say 
that  there  is  no  expense  attached  to  this,  in  cases  where 
they  are  given  out  with  care  and  for  the  use  of  our  custom- 
ers. With  regard  to  request  of  Waters  &  Wilson,  we  are 
compelled  to  refuse  to  ship  any  rollers  to  that  point,  as  the 
duty  is  enormous.  We  should  have  been  glad  to  have  in- 
closed some  of  these  in  the  shipments  of  bak-ing  powder, 
but  as  it  is  shipped  in  cases  and  not  in  barrels,  we  cannot 
do  so. 

You  will  explain  to  Waters  &  Wilson  about  the  duty,  as 
we  think  under  these  circumstances  they  would  not  want 
them.  Very  truly  yours, 

No   14. — 147  words.  James  Infanger. 


Messrs.  Smith  &  Jones, 

19  Tremont  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Gentlemen  : — 

We  are  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  i8th  inst.  with 
inclosure  as  stated,  which  over  pays  your  purchase  of  the 
9th  inst.  75  cents,  for  which  we  inclose  postage  stamps  to 
balance.  We  have  deducted  only  half  of  one  per  cent,  in- 
stead of  one  percent.,  which  we  allow  when  payment  is 
made  within  ten  days.  Very  truly  yours, 

No.  15.— 72  words.  T.  Coots. 


34 

R.  Dixon, 

13  Bond  Street,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

Your  favor  of  the  loth  inst.  duly  received.  I  am 
also  in  receipt  of  the  contracts  between  this  company  and 
the  city  of  Syracuse,  in  regard  to  Johnson  Street,  under 
the  belt  line  railroad,  near  Hollis  Mill  Road  Crossing, 
County  of  Fulton,  State  of  New  York.  Both  copies  have 
been  duly  executed  and  I  send  you  same  to-day,  per 
Adams  Express.  Very  truly  yours, 

No.  16. — 75  words.  C.  Holmberg. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

I  notice  in  your  March  statement,  that  you  have  R. 
and  D.  credited  with  $8,500   more  than  we  should  have, 
and  I  ask  you  to  make  this  change   in  your  balance  sheet 
and  return  same  to  me.  Very  truly  yours, 

No.  17. — 44  words.  M.  Daus. 

M.  B.  Bush,  Esq. 

Cincinatti,  O. 
Dear  Sir  :— 

II  consistent  with  the   rules  of  your  company,  will 
you  kindly  issue  trip  pass,  New  York  to  Washington  and 
return,  in  favor  of  Mr.  John  Thompson,  assistant  secretary 
of  this  company,  and  oblige,         Very  truly  yours, 

No.  1 8. — 37  words.  J.  Danmar. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

I  have  yours  of  the  22nd  inst.  and  have  telegraphed 
Mr.  Smith  to  be  here  on  Tuesday,  at  10  A.  M.  sharp.  Will 
you  kindly  meet  us  in  this  office  at  that  time,  when  I  trust 
we  shall  be  able  to  settle  the  Lawson  claim  without  further 
trouble.  Very  truly  yours, 

No.  19. — 53  words.  William  Scott. 


35 


Dear  Sir  :— 

I  have  yours  of  the  25th  inst.  and  will  have  a  rough 
draft  of  a  contract  prepared  and  forwarded  to  you,  with  as 
delay  as  possible.  Yours  truly, 

No.  20. — 33  words.  John  Dwyer. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

In  answer  to  yours  of  the  25th  inst.  I  will  endeavor 
to  find  an  expert  for  the  examination  of  the  brick  and  fire 
clay  property.  I  do  not  know  just  where  to  look,  and  may 
take  a  little  time,  but  I  will  move  in  the  matter  as  fast  as 
possible.  Yours  truly, 

No.  21. — 57  words.  P.  Delancy. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

I  am  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  28th  inst.  inclosing 
list  of  subjects  to  be  presented  at  the  meeting  of  the  board, 
on  December  5th,  for  which  I  am  much  obliged. 

Yours  very  respectfully, 
No.  22. — 40  words.  B.  Lessing. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

Herewith  I  return  agreement  in  duplicate  with  Jas. 
L.  Taylor,  concerning  the  rental  to  May  next,  for  land  in  the 
city  of  Danville.  Very  truly  yours, 

No.  23. — 30  words.  F.  Clayton. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

I  am  in  receipt  of  yours  of  the  i8th  inst.  and  regret 
that  I  am  unable  to  send  you  the  pass  therein  requested. 

Yours  respectfully, 
No.  24. — 29  words.  M.  Mundell. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

In  reply  to  your  note   of  Saturday,   I    enclcse  check 


36 

for  $ 1 0,000  on  account  of  balance,  and  will  remit  the  re- 
mainder as  soon  as  practicable.  Please  sign  and  return  the 
inclosed  receipt  and  oblige,  Yours  very  truly, 

No.  25. — 38  words.  James  White. 

J.  B.  Harrison,  Esq., 

Richmond,  Va. 
Dear  Sir  :— 

Herewith  I  enclose  a  letter  which  explains  itself. 
Have  you  any  information  regarding  the  matter  referred 
to  ?  I  have  no  knowledge  of  it  whatever. 

Yours  truly, 
No.  26.— 38  words.  J.  R.  Van  Brunt. 

Mr.  B.  Riley, 

Parker  House,  Boston,  Mass. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

Major  Black  wishes  me  to  say,  in  answer  to  your 
personal  communication  of  the  24th  inst.,  that  he  cannot  at 
present  hold  out  any  encouragement  to  you  in  reference  to 
a  position  with  our  company ;  he  desires  me  to  say  however, 
that  he  will  keep  your  favor  before  him  for  possible  future 
reference.  Respectfully  yours, 

No.  27. — 67  words.  T.  Sinclair. 

Captain  H.  R.  Smith, 
Dear  Sir  :— 

Your  favor  of  the  icth  inst.  came  duly  to  hand  ;  I  am 
also  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  gth  inst.  for  which  I  am 
obliged.  Kindly  inform  Mr.  Harrison  that  I  shall  be  in  the 
city  to-day  and  to-morrow,  and  I  hope  to  see  you  also. 
We  have  settled  the  Jacksonville  matter  satisfactorily. 

Very  truly  yours, 
No.  28.— 65  words.  H.  Stevens. 


37 

Messrs.  James  Smith  &  Co., 

35  Tremont  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Gentlemen  : — 

We  take  pleasure  in  handing  you  herewith  invoice 
and  bill  of  lading  covering  shipment  of  40  cases  of  soap,  as 
per  your  order  of  the  2oth  inst.  We  have  your  request  for 
a  larger  margin  on  these  goods,  and  in  reply  hand  you  our 
jobbing  price  list,  and  beg  to  assure  you  that  these  figures, 
the  same  that  you  have  always  enjoyed,  are  positively  our 
lowest,  in  any  quantity,  to  any  jobber  in  the  country.  At 
present  we  are  not  prepared  to  make  any  reduction  in  our 
prices,  but  should  we  at  any  future  time  have  any  favors  to 
grant  in  this  respect,  you  will  be  among  the  first  to  receive 
them.  Trusting  that  your  shipment  will  come  safely  to  hand 
in  due  course,  we  remain,  Very  respectfully  yours, 

No.  29. — 144  words.  J.  B.  Volk. 

Mr.  H.  B.  Green, 

Hotel  Royal,  New  Orleans,  La. 
Dear  Sir  :— 

On  the  loth  inst.  you  wrote  us  from  Nashville,  con- 
cerning a  plan  for  inducing  the  jobbing  trade  of  Nashville 
to  resume  handling  our  goods,  and  in  that  letter  you  said 
that  you  expected  to  return  to  Nashville  about  the  aoth  inst. 
We  wrote  you  on  the  i6th,  care  of  the  Central  Hotel,  as  per 
inclosed  (page  201).  We  also  wrote  you  to  the  Central 
Hotel  a  letter  on  the  same  date,  saying,  while  you  are  in 
Nashville  please  call  on  Robert  Brown,  and  if  possible,  make 
collection  as  per  inclosed  draft.  We  have  repeatedly  en- 
deavored to  induce  settlement  but  without  success.  We 
inclose  herewith  your  letter  from  Messrs.  Green  &  Taylor 
as  you  request,  having  noted  its  contents  with  interest.  We 
hope  that  your  plan  will  succeed.  We  notice,  however,  that 
you  have  not  returned  to  Nashville  as  you  intended.  We 


38 

have  your  route  list  indicating  that  you  are  to  visit  other 
points,  and  you  have  sent  us  no  information  that  would 
lead  us  to  suppose  that  this  route  list  is  not  good.  Now 
we  wish  to  call  your  attention  to  one  matter  which  you  will 
see  is  important.  You  must  sign  every  one  of  your  reports 
giving  your  next  mail  address,  allowing  sufficient  time  for 
the  passage  of  mail  both  ways.  This  will  do  away  with 
such  difficulties  as  we  have  been  contending  with  in  your 
case  for  a  few  days  past ;  and  while  we  are  on  the  subject, 
let  us  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  you  do  not  report 
the  percentages  as  frequently  as  you  might.  We  send  to-day 
three  copies  of  our  last  issue  of  the  "  Syracuse  Herald." 
Please  let  us  have  your  opinion  of  the  marked  articles. 

Yours  truly, 
No.  30.— 300  words.  B.  F.  Schrempf  &  Co. 

Mr.  G.  W.  Powell, 

731  Arlington  Avenue,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Dear  Sir  :— 

We  are  in  receipt  of  your  report  of  the  22nd  from 
Baltimore,  together  with  your  orders  of  the  same  date. 
We  have  stated  a  number  of  times  our  objection  to  orders 
for  the  quantity  that  you  sold  to  T.  B.  Meyer.  The  order 
is  altogether  too  small,  and  while  you  feel  justified  in  sell- 
ing this  case  perhaps,  for  the  reason  stated  in  your  report 
we  are  fearful  that  you  will  feel  the  consequences  of  such 
a  course  hereafter.  The  order  of  James  Hiram  is  also 
scarcely  acceptable  ;  we  have  concluded  to  ship  this  time, 
however,  but  trust  you  will  not  take  such  an  order  again. 
Mr.  Hiram  should  either  buy  in  larger  quantities,  or  he 
should  arrange  with  some  other  jobber  to  even  up  his  stock, 
until  he  can  do  so ;  in  other  words  do  not  let  the  jobbing 
trade  of  Baltimore  crowd  the  size  of  their  orders  down. 

Yours  truly, 

No.  31.— 174  words.  B.  F.  Schrempf  &  Co. 


Mr.  Arthur  Murray, 

21  Market  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Dear  Sir  : — 

We  are  in  receipt  of  your  application  for  a  position 
with  this  house,  and  have  read  with  interest  what  you  say 
regarding  the  influence  of  the  retail  trade  on  the  sale  of  our 
goods.  You  are  probably  however,  not  aware,  that  we  have 
a  very  large  force  of  traveling  men  canvassing  the  whole  of  the 
United  States,  and  watching  the  interests  of  this  company, 
and  at  the  present  time  there  are  no  vacancies  in  our  force. 
We  will  file  your  application  however  for  future  reference. 

Yours  truly, 
No.  32. — 97  words.  T.  M.  Warren  &  Co. 

Mrs.  Anna  T.  Watson, 

Richmond,  N.  Y. 

Dear  Madam  : — 

Mrs.  B.  Taylor  acknowledges  the  receipt  of  your  es- 
teemed favor  of  the  23rd  inst.  and  wishes  me  to  say  in  reply 
that  the  advertisement  of  which  you  complain  is  contracted 
for  in  Scribner's,  Century  and  Harper's  Magazines  for  Sep- 
tember, and  as  these  magazines  have  already  been  issued,  it  is 
now  too  late  to  countermand  these  orders.  She  has  however 
countermanded  all  other  orders  for  the  publication  of  the 
advertisement  in  question,  and  the  same  will  not  appear 
again.  She  regrets  exceedingly  that  the  publication  of  the 
advertisement  has  caused  you  any  annoyance  or  embarrass- 
ment, and  trusts  that  you  will  have  no  further  cause  for 
complaint.  Very  respectfully  yours, 

No.  33. — 117  words.  J.Weber. 

Phoenix  Silk  Co., 
Gentlemen  : — 

With  regard  to  your  offer  on  four  bales  Kadekas,  I 
wrote  Messrs.  Taylor  &  Co.  and  am  pleased  to  say  with  the 
result  as  inclosed,  which  I  consider  all  right.  I  will  send 


40 

contracts  to-morrow.     Kindly  return   the   inclosure.     With 
many  thanks  for  the  transaction,  I  remain, 

Yours  faithfully, 
No.  34.— 56  words.  J.  T.  Wills. 

Messrs.  T.  L.  Walker  &  Co., 

Voungsville,  O. 
Gentlemen  : — 

Replying  to  your  valued  favor  of  the  24th  inst.  we 
beg  to  say  that  your  remittance  of  the  20th  overpayed  your 
your  account  24  cents,  which  amount  we  inclose  in  postage 
stamps  to  balance.  The  acknowledgment  should  have 
been  made  for  $93.32  as  per  receipt  herewith  ;  the  mistake 
made  by  yourselves  was  in  the  ten  cent  size. 

Very  truly  yours, 
No.  35. — 76  words.  B.  Williams. 

Mr.  R.  Wilson, 

94  Tremont  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Dear  Sir  :— • 

In  compliance  with  your  request  we  inclose  our  149 
for  $150,  receipt  of  which  please  acknowledge  and  oblige. 
We  sent  you  a  check  for  $150  last  Monday,  but  have  not 
yet  received  your  acknowledgment  of  the  same. 

Very  truly  yours, 
No.  36. — 59  words.  Randall  &  Miller. 

Messrs.  Smith  &  Johnson, 

33  Worth  St.,  City. 
Gentlemen  : — 

I  send  you  herewith  two  sample  books  re-reeled  Canton^ 
No.  15,  20  bales  No.  2  white. 
No.  17,  20  bales  No.  3  white,  at  least  they  are  so  graded 


41 

by  Messrs.  Clark  &  Co.,  but  I  think  the  two  together  might 
average  a  good  standard  No.  3.  I  think  I  can  buy  them  for 
$2.90  net.  Hoping  to  hear  from  you  at  an  early  date,  I  am, 

Yours  faithfully, 
No.  37.— 83  words.  W.  C.  Noble. 

J.  W.  Jones,  Esq., 

376  Broadway,  City. 
Dear  Sir  :— 

In  reply  to  your  inquiry  for  quotations  on  "  Japan 
Organzine  "  I  can  sell  a  very  good  quality  at  $5.75 ;  an 
extra  quality  at  $5.95  four  months.  I  presume  you  want 
about  i  M  drams  in  size  per  thousand  yards.  Hoping  to 
hear  from  you  at  an  early  date,  I  am, 

Yours  faithfully, 
No.  38.— 68  words.  W.  C.  Noble. 

Messrs.  R.  B.  Harrison  &  Co., 

29  Wall  St.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Gentlemen  : — 

We  have  your  circular  of  April  igth  and  your  es- 
teemed favor  of  April  2oth.  We  take  pleasure  in  informing 
you  that  we  have  requested  our  Mr.  Walker  who  is  now  in 
New  York  City,  to  call  on  you,  and  if  he  thinks  the  goods 
will  answer  our  purpose  to  purchase  them  at  the  prices  stated 
in  yours  of  the  2oth.  Yours  very  truly, 

No.  39. — 78  words.  H.  L.  Law. 

19  Nassau  Street, 

New  York,  Jan.  7th. 
James  E.  Smith,  Esq., 

77  Broad  St.,  City. 
Dear  Sir  :— 

I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  on  the  first  of 
the  present  month,  I  commenced  business  at  the  above  ad- 
dress as  broker  in  cotton  and  cotton  goods.  My  position 


42 

as  sole  agent  for  Messrs.  Johnson,  Wells  &  Co.,  of  New 
Orleans,  enables  me  to  execute  any  orders  I  may  receive,  to 
the  best  possible  advantage.  Inclosed  find  market  report. 
Hoping  to  hear  from  you  at  an  early  date,  I  am, 

Yours  very  respectfully, 
No.  40. — 94  words.  Henry  Wallace. 


Messrs.  Henry  Welsh  &  Co., 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Gentlemen  : — 

We  confirm  our  purchase  from  you  this  morning  by 
telegraph,  ten  thousand  bushels  No.  2  red  wheat,  New  York 
grading,  at  $1.28  per  bushel,  October  delivery;  also  two 
thousand  bushels  white  oats,  at  38  cents  per  bushel  F.  O. 
B.  (Free  on  board).  Yours  truly, 

No.  41. — 58  words.  Thomas  Lynch  &  Co. 


Orange,  N.  J.,  July  23rd,  1893. 
Messrs.  Sampson  &  Clark, 

34  Leonard  Street,  New  York. 
Gentlemen  : — 

On  the  1 4th  inst.  I  sent  you  an  order  for  the  inclosed 
list  of  articles,  stating  that  I  wanted  the  goods  as  soon  as 
possible.  I  have  not  yet  received  the  goods,  neither  have 
you  advised  me  of  the  reason  for  delaying  shipment.  Yes- 
terday I  was  obliged  to  send  a  special  messenger  to  Newark 
for  the  drums,  as  I  was  out  of  sizes.  Having  to  pay  New- 
ark prices  deprived  me  of  half  my  usual  profits,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  expense  and  delay.  If  you  cannot  send  these 
goods  to-morrow  please  wire  me  on  receipt  of  this. 

Yours  truly, 
No.  42.— 120  words.  B.  F.  Clayton. 


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